Jumat, 29 April 2016

WRITING NEWS ITEMS

Reporting Tips:

We read a "news item" to find out specific information about an event reported in the news.  Every "news item" has to have the answers to the five WH questions:
What - What happened exactly?
Who - Who are the people and groups involved in the event?
When - When did the event take place?
Where - Where did the event take place?
Why - Why did it happen? (The reasons behind the event.)
Remember: If you read information and write it in your own words, you are reporting!
If you copy someone else's writing you are doing something illegal.  No reporter is allowed to plagiarize from any other reporter!

(For more ideas click here)

Instructions:
Choose an event in the news. Look for information that will answer the five WH questions on the following sites:

ABCNEWS
CNNInteractive
HaaretzDaily Newspaper - English Internet Edition
Yahoo! - Full Coverage: Top Stories
Washingtonpost.com_International Page
Welcometo Pathfinder!
Fox News
USA TODAY
New York Times on the Web


Write your news item and give it to your teacher to correct.  Your teacher is like the editor in a newsroom.

READING COMPREHENSION (2) - NEWS ITEMS

Answer the following questions

READING COMPREHENSION - NEWS ITEMS

READING COMPREHENSION

A.     Malaysian Women Suggested to Carry Condoms
Malaysian Deputy Health Ministry urged every woman to carry a condom to protect against HIV, a news report said.
This is not to debate them but to protect them. Women are the first ones to get exploited by their partners (whom are infected by HIV-positive)” Abdul Latiff Ahmad was quoted as saying by Sunday Star Newspaper. “But this just a suggestion, it’s up to them”.
Abdul latiff made remark to coincide with the International Aids Memorial day, which was celebrated openly for the first time in Malaysia, in bid to reduce stigma for HIV-victim. In the past the event was held behind closed door.
Last year, 745 Malaysian women were identified as HIV-positive and 193 were diagnosed with AIDS, he said in the report. Officials have said nearly 81000 Malaysian have been infected with HIV, less then 10 percent are woman, but the number is steadily rising.
Malaysian Aids Council president, Adeebah Kamarulzaman, was quoted as saying besides sex workers, many women who contract HIV are housewives, were infected unknowingly by their husbands. “It’s not that people don’t know that condoms can protect them. But there are some men who don’t care to take precaution, even though they know they have HIV” she said.
(Source The Jakarta Post, June 01, 2008)

Generic Structure Analysis
News worthy event: Malaysian women is urged to carry condoms to protect HIV.
Background event 1: International Memorial Day was held openly in Malaysia to reduce stigma for HIV victims.
Background event 2: The number of Malaysian women who are infected with HIV is steadily rising.
Source: Malaysian Aids Council president said that there were some men who did not care to take precaution even though they knew they had HIV

A 45-year old Indonesian maid admitted having sex with her Hong Kong employer’s 14-year old son after watching internet porn together.
The maid is a divorcee and a mother of two children. The maid, named Suwartin, had worked with the boy family for 11 years.
A court heard how the maid had sex with the boy in relationship that lasted five months. The boy tried to end the affair but she refused. The teenager eventually confessed to the relationship to the leader of Christian group he belonged to.
Then the maid was arrested. She pleaded guilty to five charges of committing an indecent act with underage partner. She will be sentenced in two week’s time.
She later apologized and said that she would live with the shame of what she had done for the rest of life. “She had acted out of loneliness” the maid’s lawyer said.
(Adapted from Reuters, Hong Kong, May 6, 2008)
Generic Structure Analysis
News worthy event: Indonesian maid court and admitted having sex with her young employer
Background event: The maid is a divorcee. She had worked in the boy family for 11 years. She had relationship the boy for five months. She apologized and felt guilty
Source: The maid lawyer said that the maid had acted out of loneliness

An Indonesian housemaid has been executed in Saudi Arabia after being convicted of killing her employer, the Saudi Interior Minister said.
The woman was beheaded in the Southern Asir province in what was the second execution in the country.
The maid was earlier found of suffocating her female boss and stealing her jewellery. Rape, murder and other serious crimes can carry the death penalty in the conservative desert kingdom.
Last year, Saudi Arabia, which follow a strict intepretation of Syaria, Islamic law executed more than 130 people.
 (Taken from: www.news.bbc.co.id)
Generic Structure Analysis
Main event; an Indonesian maid was beheaded in Saudi Arabia.
Background 1; the maid was found guilty of suffocating her bos.
Background 2; serious crimes can carry death penalty in Saudi Arabia.
Background 3; Saudi Arabia executed more than 130 people last year.
Resource; the Saudi Interior Minister statement.
Language Feature Analysis
Focussing circumtances; law of serious crimes.
Using material process; behead, execute, carry, etc

NEWS ITEMS

NEWS ITEMS
Definition of News Item
News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic Structure of News Item
1. Main event
2. Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)
3. Resource of information
Language Feature of News Item
1. Focusing on circumstances
2. Using material process
Examples and structures of the text

Town ‘Contaminated
Newsworthy events
Moscow – A Russian journalist has uncovered evidence of another Soviet nuclear catastrophe, which killed 10 sailors and contaminated an entire town.
Background Events
Yelena Vazrshavskya is the first journalist to speak to people who witnessed the explosion of a nuclear submarine at the naval base of shkotovo – 22 near Vladivostock.
The accident, which occurred 13 months before the Chernobyl disasterspread radioactive fall-out over the base and nearby town, but was covered  up by officials of the Soviet Union. Residents were told the explosion in the reactor of the Victor-class submarine during a refit had been a ‘thermal’ and not a nuclear explosion. And those involved in the clean up operation to remove more than 600 tones of contaminated material were sworn to secrecy.
Sumber InformasiSources
A board of investigators was later to describe it as the worst accident in the history of the Soviet Navy.

HOW TO CONGRATULATE SOMEONE

VIDEOS

EXPRESSION OF CONGRATULATION

Expression of Congratulation
Have you ever won a competition? Or have you ever got something special because you have done great thing? If yes, what do your family or friends say to you? Do they congratulate you?

Experiencing happy moments such as winning competition, passing the test, and graduating from school will encourage people to express their feeling by saying congratulation. Congratulation is something which is expressed to praise people’s achievement or to appreciate people in their special occasion. You can express it both verbal and written. However, in this lesson you will focus on verbal only.

Saying Congratulation
There are several phrases which are usually used to congratulate others. When you want to congratulate, you should pay attention to these situations:

When you want to congratulate someone in informal context, you can use these phrases:
§   Good Job!
§   Well done!
§   Congratulations!

Examples:
Conversation
(Situation: Alvin got the highest score at school and his teacher congratulate him)
Teacher               : “Well done, you got the highest score among students in this school.”
Alvin                     : “Thank you, Sir.”

When you want to congratulate in formal context, there are some phrases which people commonly use as follows:
§   May I congratulate you on…
§   I’d like to congratulate you on…..

Examples:
Conversation
(Situation: Rika congratulate Fani because she selected to be language ambassador)
Fani    : “I’d like to congratulate you on being our school delegation as language ambassador.
Rika    : “Thank you very much for saying so.”

Responding Congratulation
To respond expression of congratulation, you can use the following phrases based on the situations:
Saying these phrases when you appreciate them back:
§   I’m glad you say so
§   It’s very good of you to say so
§   Thank you very much for saying so

Saying these phrases when you are sincerely accepting the congratulation:
§   Thank you
§   Oh, thanks

§   Thank you so much

HOW TO PAY A COMPLIMENT

How to play a Compliment
Here are some videos

Rabu, 27 April 2016

GIVING AND RESPONDING TO COMPLIMENTS


Look at the photo above. What are they doing? How do you feel when you see someone play guitar well. Then what will you say to him? will you give a compliment?

In this lesson, you will learn how to give and respond to compliments.

Giving and Responding to Compliments
Compliment is commonly used to give praise on something or what someone has got or done. When you give a compliment to others, you encourage them to keep on doing their best.

Giving Compliment
There are several phrases which are usually used to give a compliment. But, you should pay attention to its situations. Different situation may use different phrase such as follows:

When you want to give a compliment because of someone’s appearance, you can say:
§   It looks nice on you.
§   You do look nice in …. (mention what you see)
§   How beautiful you are.

Example :
(Situation: Andini’s aunt is getting married and she is wearing beautiful wedding dress)
Malvin         : “How beautiful you are in that weeding dress. I feel so amazed”
Wilona         : “Thank you, dear.”

When you want to give compliment because people have done their best, you can use these phrases:
§   Good Job!
§   Well done!
§   That’s great!

Example
(Situation: Danang is making a handicraft for art subject.)
Teacher               : “Your handicraft is great. You deserve to get high score.”
Steven                 : “Really? Thank you, Sir. I made it for my parent.”

When you visit your friend’s house for the first time and feel amazed with it, you can say:
§   I like your big and tidy bedroom.
§   What a beautiful garden!
§   I just love your house

Example:
(Situation: You are invited to your friend’s house)
You                     : “I just love your house. It is very big and beautiful.”
Your friend      : “It’s very kind of you to say that. Thank you.”

Responding Complimenting
To respond complimenting, you can use the following phrases:
§   Thank you/Thanks.
§   Thanks, I need that.
§   Do you really think so?
§   It’s very kind of you to say that.

Based the explanation above, it can be concluded that:
§  Congratulation is expressed to praise people’s achievement or to appreciate people in their special occasion.
§  The phrases of congratulation are commonly used as follows: “Good Job!”, “Well done!” or “Congratulations!”
§  Complimenting is used to give praise on something or what someone has got or done.

§  The phrases of complimenting which can be used are “It looks nice on you.”, “That’s great!”, “I just love your …”


Generic Structures
Complimenting, like congratulation, can be used in a verbal or written context. In written context, you can give a compliment or best wishes in a greeting card. While in verbal context, there are some language features that you should pay attention as follows:

Language Features
§   Positive language should be used in complimenting such as good, nice, well, etc.
Example: “You have a nice smile.”
§   Use adjective clause such as cool hair style, beautiful skirt, and delicious cake.
Example: “I just love your delicious cake.”
§   You can also use exaggerated words such awesome, wonderful, amazing, fantastic, etc.
Example: “Your performance is amazing.”
§   Use reference words such as “I like …” or “I love …”
Example: “I like your new haircut.”
§   To give comment towards people’s appearance, you can use “you look …”
Example: “The jeans look nice on you.”
§   Use “What a ….”
Example: “What a beautiful room!”
§   Use present simple tense. That/Those …. is/are nice.
Example: “That is very good.”

To understand how to put it in verbal context, read the conversation below.
Fiona  : “What a beautiful dance! You dance it very well.”
Dina   : “Do you really think so?”
Fiona  : “Yes. I never dance as well as you.”
Dina    : “Thank you.”

To sum up, expressions of congratulation:
§   are used to praise someone’s achievement or give good wishes on a special event
§   can be expressed verbally or written.
While expressions of compliment:
§  are used to give good comments to people
§  must use positive language.


(Written by: Windi Asariastika)

Senin, 25 April 2016

Reported Speech - Exercise

Change the direct speech into reported speech.

1) "He works in a bank"
     He said that _________________________________________
2) "We went out last night"
     He said that _________________________________________
3) "I'm coming!"
     He said that _________________________________________
4) "I was waiting for the bus when he arrived"
     He said that _________________________________________
5) "I'd never been there before"
     He said that _________________________________________
6) "I didn't go to the party"
     He said that _________________________________________
7) "Lucy will come later"
     He said that _________________________________________
8) "He hasn't eaten breakfast"
     He said that _________________________________________
9) "I can help you tomorrow"
     He said that _________________________________________
10) "You should go to bed early"
.     He said that _________________________________________
11) "I don't like chocolate"
     She said that _________________________________________
12) "I won't see you tomorrow"
     She said that _________________________________________
13) "She's living in Paris for a few months"
      She said that _________________________________________
14) "I visited my parents at the weekend"
       She said that _________________________________________
15) "She hasn't eaten sushi before"
       She said that _________________________________________
16) "I hadn't travelled by underground before I came to London"
       She said that _________________________________________
17) "They would help if they could"
       She said that _________________________________________
18) "I'll do the washing-up later"
       She said that _________________________________________
19) "He could read when he was three"
       She said that _________________________________________
20) "I was sleeping when Julie called"
       She said that _________________________________________

Sabtu, 16 April 2016

Reported Speech

We use reported speech when we are saying what other people say, think or believe.
  • He says he wants it.
  • We think you are right.
  • I believe he loves her.
  • Yesterday you said you didn't like it but now you do!
  • She told me he had asked her to marry him.
  • I told you she was ill.
  • We thought he was in Australia.

When we are reporting things in the present, future or present perfect we don't change the tense.

  • He thinks he loves her.
  • I'll tell her you are coming.
  • He has said he'll do it.

When we tell people what someone has said in the past, we generally make the tense 'more in the past'.

  • You look very nice. = I told him he looked very nice.
  • He's working in Siberia now. = She told me he was working in Siberia now.
  • Polly has bought a new car. = She said Polly had bought a new car.
  • Jo can't come for the weekend. = She said Jo couldn't come for the weekend.
  • Paul called and left a message. = He told me Paul had called and had left me a message.
  • I'll give you a hand. = He said he would give me a hand.

However, when we are reporting something that was said in the past but is still true, it is not obligatory to make the tense 'more in the past'. The choice is up to the speaker. For example:

"The train doesn't stop here."

  • He said the train doesn't stop here.
  • He said the train didn't stop here.

"I like Sarah."

  • She said she likes Sarah.
  • She said she liked Sarah.

When we are reporting what was said, we sometimes have to change other words in the sentence.

We have to change the pronoun if we are reporting what someone else said. Compare these two sentences. In each case the person actually said "I don't want to go."

  • I said I didn't want to go.
  • Bill said he didn't want to go.

We have to change words referring to 'here and now' if we are reporting what was said in a different place or time. 
Compare these two sentences. In each case the person actually said "I'll be there at ten tomorrow."

  • (If it is later the same day) He said he would be there at ten tomorrow.
  • (If it is the next day) He said he would be there at ten today.

Now compare these two sentences.

  • (If we are in a different place) He said he would be there tomorrow at ten.
  • (If we are in the place he is coming to) He said he would be here at ten tomorrow.